introduction

discovery of electron

charge to mass ratio of electron

charge on the electron

discovery of protons and neutrons

atomic models

thomson model of atom

rutherford’s nuclear model of atom

atomic number and mass number

isobars and isotopes

drawbacks of rutherford model

wave nature of electromagnetic radiations

developments leading to the bohr's model of atom - wave nature of electromagnetic radiations

developments leading to the bohr's model of atom - particle nature of electromagnetic radiation: planck’s quantum theory

developments leading to the bohr's model of atom - photoelectric effect

developments leading to the bohr's model of atom - dual behaviour of electromagnetic radiation

developments leading to the bohr's model of atom - problem

developments leading to the bohr's model of atom - evidence for the quantized electronic energy levels: atomic spectra

evidence for the quantized electronic energy levels: atomic spectra

bohr's model for hydrogen atom

towards quantum mechanical model of the atom

quantum mechanical model of atom

quantum mechanical model of atom - hydrogen atom and the schrödinger equation

quantum mechanical model of atom - orbitals and quantum numbers

quantum mechanical model of atom - shapes of atomic orbitals

quantum mechanical model of atom - energies of orbitals

quantum mechanical model of atom - filling of orbitals in atom

quantum mechanical model of atom - electronic configuration of atoms

causes of stability of completely filled and half-filled subshells

ncert exercise

previous year question

most challenging questions

ncert examplar

jee mains

numerical questions

assertion and reason